The patient is a neutered male Romanian Shepherd dog who was rescued from Romania by the owner six months prior to presentation. The owner was informed the patient had suffered a fracture following an RTA prior to arrival in the UK which is strongly believed to be the cause of the angular limb deformity. The patient had been managing with the deformity well, however he had deteriorated rapidly prompting the requirement for assessment.

Bone cysts are benign lesions of metaphyseal bone.

Incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle (IOHC) and humeral intra-condylar fissure (HIF) are often used interchangeably.

Angular limb deformity, either as a result of trauma, or selection pressure to try to fulfil breed standards especially in chondrodystrophic breeds of dogs, is a common orthopaedic presentation. The deformity can make even walking challenging and leads to abnormal loading of joints predisposing to osteoarthritis and joint pain.

Patella Groove Replacement (PGR) is a partial joint replacement surgery where the trochlear groove of the stifle is replaced with a prosthesis. It is indicated as a treatment for chronic patello-femoral pain due to degenerative joint disease, and can also be used as a treatment for patella luxation (Dokic)